A Description of the Sumerian Society Essay Example for Free

A Description of the Sumerian Society Essay ?Sumerian society migrated into the Middle East and settled in the Mesopotamian area around 4000 B. C. E. , resulting in the settlement of that civilization. Sumerians contributed the city-states concept, created an essential writing system, strengthened their connection to their religion, and also recorded the world’s oldest story. The addition to Sumer’s city-states idea had a booming affect in their political structure. They were more organized than most political systems in other civilizations. With this, the Sumerian society was able to regulate religion and enforce laws in a better manner. Their concept later became a tradition of regional rule, basically creating an early bureaucracy for other societies to adopt and learn from. After several centuries of Sumer’s settlement, writing, the most significant invention in millennia’s, was introduced into Sumerian society. See more:Â  Perseverance essay Although it was very sudden, the addition to such a revolutionary idea made their culture even more prosperous. Things led to another, and soon enough, the Sumerian society had an entire alphabet that was referred to as cuneiform, in the palm of their hands. They began to record their history and culture, later resulting in the world’s oldest story, the Epic of Gilgamesh and much more from their culture. Sumer’s introduction to cuneiform bloomed into an economical boost throughout their entire society. Their invention helped to promote trade and manufacturing. They were able to communicate much more flawlessly, leading to trades as far as India. Not only did it support the trading system, but it did wonders in recording much of Sumerian history. Sumer’s settlement meant many prosperous things. Their ideas and inventions of cuneiform, city-states, ziggurats, job specialization, etc. , led to great achievements that other civilizations adopted and duplicated.

Starbucks Structural Frame Essay -- Starbucks Business Analysis

Starbucks initially was a small structure, run by three partners in a small shop in Seattle. The company then was restricted to selling only whole bean and ground coffee. It was typically a top down structure were the three people in the top management were the decision makers. In 1984, when Schultz suggested the idea of selling coffee and expresso drinks, the directors of Starbucks rejected the idea, in spite of the fact that the move would have made more profit for the company. This displayed the rigidity of the management towards any changes in the business. After taking over the operation of Starbucks in 1987, Schultz decided to expand the company's business. The next few years brought some positive changes to Starbucks. Starting with 17 stores in 1987, the company quickly expanded by opening stores in Chicago and Portland. With this period of expansion, Schultz hired some experienced people to help him manage the growth plans. In 1989, Schultz hired Howard Behar, who was familiar with opening and running several retail stores. A year later, Schultz brought in Orin Smith as the Chief Finance and Operations Officer. Both Behar and Smith were highly experienced in the industry and helped Schultz build the company's infrastructure.[1] The new structure of Starbucks was flat and it encouraged competitive ideas from all levels of the company. This necessarily depicted a lateral coordination c... ...ffman Neilson(2008), Strategy & Business http://www.relationalcapitalgroup.com/knowledge-center/TheBaristaPrinciple.pdf 2) Shultz, H. (2008) Starbucks makes organizational changes to enhance customer experience. Retrieved March 13, 2008, from, http://www.starbucks.com/aboutus/pressdesc.asp?id=831 3) George, J. and Jones, G. (2005). Understanding and Managing Organizational Behavior. (4th ed.)Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. 4) Gulati Hoffman Neilson, Strategy & Business, 2008 http://www.relationalcapitalgroup.com/knowledge-center/TheBaristaPrinciple.pdf 5) Barbero, Martin, Starbucks goal: Recapture its early buzz, Jan 2008. http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/01/30/business/sbux.php 6) Hoovers Database http://premium.hoovers.com/subscribe/co/overview.xhtml?ID=ffffrhkchrhhyjjrfk Starbucks' Structural Frame Essay -- Starbucks Business Analysis Starbucks initially was a small structure, run by three partners in a small shop in Seattle. The company then was restricted to selling only whole bean and ground coffee. It was typically a top down structure were the three people in the top management were the decision makers. In 1984, when Schultz suggested the idea of selling coffee and expresso drinks, the directors of Starbucks rejected the idea, in spite of the fact that the move would have made more profit for the company. This displayed the rigidity of the management towards any changes in the business. After taking over the operation of Starbucks in 1987, Schultz decided to expand the company's business. The next few years brought some positive changes to Starbucks. Starting with 17 stores in 1987, the company quickly expanded by opening stores in Chicago and Portland. With this period of expansion, Schultz hired some experienced people to help him manage the growth plans. In 1989, Schultz hired Howard Behar, who was familiar with opening and running several retail stores. A year later, Schultz brought in Orin Smith as the Chief Finance and Operations Officer. Both Behar and Smith were highly experienced in the industry and helped Schultz build the company's infrastructure.[1] The new structure of Starbucks was flat and it encouraged competitive ideas from all levels of the company. This necessarily depicted a lateral coordination c... ...ffman Neilson(2008), Strategy & Business http://www.relationalcapitalgroup.com/knowledge-center/TheBaristaPrinciple.pdf 2) Shultz, H. (2008) Starbucks makes organizational changes to enhance customer experience. Retrieved March 13, 2008, from, http://www.starbucks.com/aboutus/pressdesc.asp?id=831 3) George, J. and Jones, G. (2005). Understanding and Managing Organizational Behavior. (4th ed.)Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. 4) Gulati Hoffman Neilson, Strategy & Business, 2008 http://www.relationalcapitalgroup.com/knowledge-center/TheBaristaPrinciple.pdf 5) Barbero, Martin, Starbucks goal: Recapture its early buzz, Jan 2008. http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/01/30/business/sbux.php 6) Hoovers Database http://premium.hoovers.com/subscribe/co/overview.xhtml?ID=ffffrhkchrhhyjjrfk

Compare and Contrast the Role of Lay Personell

Compare and contrast the role of and function of judges, lawyers and lay people within the English courts Lay people are individuals with no legal training from a variety of backgrounds which is said to be used to promote an equal society. The role of Magistrates and Jurors are similar in ways of characteristics needed; for example both must be aged 18-70 and those who are in the police or have previous criminal convictions are ruled out.The selection process is however very different, the Lord Chancellor will appoint lay magistrates on behalf of the queen whereas jurors are selected by an electoral register for the area in which the court is situated and is done by a computer at the Central Summoning Bureau. Lay Magistrates are unpaid, part time volunteers whereas jurors are also unpaid but may be unwilling however failure to attend can result in prosecution or a fine.Magistrates can claim a small allowance and compensation for lost earnings. Both parties make their decision based o n facts, such as guilt or innocence in trials whereby the difference is that Magistrates can sentence the defendant whereas jurors cannot. Both are used in the right for a †trial by our peers†, ordinary people with experience of real life situations. Jurors will serve for a period of usually two weeks as apposed to Magistrates who will serve part time for different periods of time.Although lay magistrates and district judges do a very similar job there are many differences between how they work, their qualifications and employment. Lay magistrates, otherwise known as Justice of the Peace sit in magistrate's courts, generally in groups of three, whereas judges usually sit alone. 1999 there were 90, of whom about 20% were women, whereas there are an almost equal number of men and women magistrates, showing that judges are not a mirror image of trial by ones peers such as lay people.Judges are members of the professional judiciary who are legally qualified and salaried, wor king full time whereas the lay magistrate and jury are not paid and work part time/ a period of two weeks. Judges have practised for at least 7 years as a barrister or a solicitor. One way to become a solicitor is have ‘A' levels and go onto a Law degree then do 1 year on a legal practice course, then do a 2 year training period. One way to be a barrister is to do a Law degree then become a member of an Inn court and dine at the Inn or attend weekend courses, then do a 1 year ocational training course before being called to the bar. No formal qualifications are required for a lay magistrate or jury, but they do need intelligence, common sense, integrity and the capacity to act fairly. Lay magistrates are appointed by the Lord Chancellor (on behalf of the Queen) on the recommendation of the 100 local advisory committee, judges are also appointed by the Lord Chancellor and are appointed from those who have held advocacy qualifications for seven years.Soliciters play a totally di fferent role all together, they tend to work alongside a Legal executive with the Legal executive being the Solicitors assistants, they will deal with the more straight forward cases themselves such as preparing wills or leases and also have limited rights of audience in court, mainly making applications in the County court where cases are not defended. Barristers are the specialists of the court room. However once a barrister receives his/her certificate to practice they undertake a completely different life style.This life requires them to dress in dark black gowns and white woolen wigs whilst they advocate in courts such as the crown court. They also wear this â€Å"uniform† whilst they are in their chamber and when they are giving out legal advice on their specialist subject of higher law unlike lay people who do not require a uniform and soliciters must wear a smart suit. Soliciters will instruct a Barrister for their client, and unlike barristers will establish a compel ling defence for the barrister to then stand up in court and argue it for the client.However both parties must have a comprehesive understanding of law and soliciters can also give Barristers law advice on cases of law. E. g. negligence, wills, conveyancing etc. Unlike lay people and soliciters practicing Barristers are usually self-employed but usually work from sets of chambers with approximately 20 members in order to share administration costs and a clerk. More recent access to Justice act gives solicitors the right to do advocacy so they can also appear in court as advocates but need to gain an advocacy certificate before they can do so, unlike barristers.

Personal Narrative My Vacation Place - 922 Words

My Neverland Vacation is an extended period of time spent away from home and work, vacation is recommended to everyone. According to scientist, the human being brain needs to relax more often. Everyone has a special place or a chill spot where they can enjoy, or isolate themselves from the world. Those places can be described as vacation spot. My favorite vacation spot has to be France. I visited places such as Paris, Saint Tropez, and went to one of the fanciest restaurant of the country le Meurice. Paris is one of the beautiful cities in the world. It has various unique monumental figures that can’t be find anywhere but there. For instance, the Eiffel tower is the tallest building in the world with 3 levels, and it also the oldest building in the world. I couldn’t still believe that I was standing in front of the Eiffel tower, I felt like an ant staring at it. It was an enormous building, however; there were numerous activities you could do. I went on a full tour wi th a lot of others tourist. I climbed the 17,000 steps and I even had dinner at a restaurant which located at the top of the Eiffel tower. It was an enchanting guide because I learned a lot about the tower and its origin. The Champ Elysà ©es is another of those unique places I visited. Champ Elysà ©es also means heaven on earth; it is one of the most popular avenues in the world. It is really known because of the arc de triumph; it honors all the French citizens who fought and died during the FrenchShow MoreRelatedTravel and Culture1497 Words   |  6 PagesGot Her Groove Back, a novel about a woman, Stella Payne, searching for happiness and self-fulfillment, we discover that the resort workers had no benefits outside of a room to sleep on and food. The greatest disadvantage of tourism, in my opinion, is the narrative that tourists are sold when the visit their destination countries. This is due to that cultural deconstruction occurring on most ‘host† countries. 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